Resources for Peer Assisted Learning (PAL)
Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) is a broad term for approaches employing a student to facilitate or lead study groups for historically-difficult courses. Some major models have been adopted nationally or internationally: Supplemental Instruction-PASS (SI/PAL/PASS), Peer-led Team Learning (PLTL), Emerging Scholars Program (ESP, operates under other names as well), and Structured Learning Assistance (SLA). The following resources could be adapted for use with nearly any PAL approach. < > = web links
watch videos about my recent research on peer learning. Click the red button in the middle of the video screen to play. there are a series of videos. if you want to go to the youtube page for all my peer learning videos, click the link in the lower left corner.
Resources to Learn More about PAL Programs
The following publications and online resources will help you explore the major peer-assisted learning models at the postsecondary level.
New <Early History of Supplemental Instruction-PASS> This article explains the origins of the SI program of which I was previously involved. SI heavily influenced the creation of the UMN PAL program.
<Glossary of Terms Related to Pear Learning Programs> Definitions provided for each of major peer learning programs and related terms. The complete glossary from which it is drawn concerns learning assistance and dev. education.
<Annotated Bibliography of the Major PAL Programs> Bibliography focused on the seven major postsecondary peer cooperative learning programs indicated above. More than 1,760+ entries with links to online versions of the documents. The Endnote file used to maintain it is available to download. <Link to video overview>
<David Arendale’s publications regarding peer-assisted learning> A good primer on PAL is one authored by David, <Pathways of persistence>. It provides an overview of seven major postsecondary peer cooperative learning programs.
New <Antiracist activities and policies for student-led study groups.> 2022 publication of policies and practices to combat racism in student-led study groups.
New <Leader identity emergence of study group facilitators.> 2022 publication of how serving as a study group facilitator led to them developing a leader identity.
<Incubators for student leader identity emergence> This 2021 publication explores how leader identity emerges from various student experiences including serving as a peer study group leader.
<Professional Centers and Organizations Related to PAL Programs> Several centers and organizations host conferences, training institutes, provide information through websites and publish journals of interest to PAL programs.
<Journals, Directly and Indirectly, Related to PAL Programs> Several organizations publish journals devoted to PAL-related articles. Several other publications often publish articles of interest to PAL personnel.
<"Must Read" Books and Reports about PAL Programs The professional literature about PAL programs is vast. These are a few I highly recommend.
<Directory of Learning Technologies> Short description of learning technologies and web links to more information about them.
Video overview of major peer learning models
[Video, 23:41]. Peer-assisted learning programs: Choosing the most effective model. <https://youtu.be/kiYU-zmtbSY> <PP Slide Handout for Video>
[Video, 40:00]. Common elements among major peer learning programs. <https://youtu.be/ZhbT45KvRpQ> <PP Slide Handout for Video>
[Video, 15:08]. Emerging Scholars Program (ESP) Overview. <https://youtu.be/pM07mK5tmt0> <PP Slide Handout for Video>
[Video, 15:57]. Peer-led Team Learning (PLTL) overview. <https://youtu.be/yvxR19OffDE> <PP Slide Handout for Video>
[Video, 14:49]. Structured Learning Assistance (SLA) overview. <https://youtu.be/yn7eNWkMySk> <PP Slide Handout for Video>
[Video, 41:15]. Supplemental Instruction-PASS (SI-PASS) overview. <https://youtu.be/kT9W6WKvYdA> <PP Slide Handout for Video>
[Video, 37:34). Video-based Supplemental Instruction (VSI) overview. <https://youtu.be/awa1JdilC4E> <PP Slide Handout for Video>
My YouTube, Podcast, Facebook, and Social Media Related to Peer Learning
<PAL Groups Podcast> Hosted by David Arendale, this audio and video podcast features interviews with student PAL leaders, research updates from David concerning PAL-related professional publications, and more. The podcast can be subscribed to through iTunes, Google, and other venues.
<PAL Groups YouTube Channel> Provides David’s PAL videos, webinars, workshops, and the same PAL podcast episodes. It contains SI and PLTL videos.
<PAL Groups Facebook Page> This contains the same audio, video, and documents shared through the PAL Groups Podcast.
<Personal LinkedIn Account> My updates contain the same items shared through my Facebook page. Click on the “connect” button to access these updates after you have logged in to your personal LinkedIn account or join for the first time.
Training and Development Resources
Join the conversation with other peer administrators through the email listservs and download the manuals used at UMN to train PAL student leaders.
Facilitator Training Manuals and Activity Resources:
Arendale, D. R. (Ed). (2019). <Draft Course-Based Learning Assistance Best Practices Guidelines> (3rd ed.) The purpose of the 80+ page set of guides is to provide guidance and practices that could increase their effectiveness and efficiency. There are twelve sections of the guides ranging from program evaluation to technology and everything in between. In addition to their use for academic study groups, these guides can be useful for faculty members to incorporate learning activities and pedagogies into their courses. <Link to video overview, 17:08>
Arendale, D. R., & Lilly, M. (Eds.). <PAL Training Handbook> Basic training manual used with PAL Facilitators. Incorporates best practices from Supplemental Instruction, Emerging Scholars Program, and Peer Led-Team Learning.
<Publications and Training Manuals for PAL at the Univ. of Minnesota> Two dozen publications describe and evaluate the PAL program at UMN in this bibliography. Some training manuals developed by staff and student facilitators appear below.
Benson, J., & Lilly, M. (2017). <Peer-Assisted Learning Program: Guide for team leaders> This hands-on guide delves into meta-cognition, team member identity and participation, meeting/discussion topics and activities, and more. Interactive activities encourage readers to reflect on topics.
Lilly, M., & Sands, J. (2019). <Guide for Peer Learning Facilitators>The eight principles that govern the program address topics such as cooperative learning theory, multicultural competency, metacognition, study strategies, and group dynamics. The book, updated in April 2019, also provides a directory of useable forms and worksheets and a bibliography of publications.
Paz, J., & Lilly, M. (Eds.). (2014). <Tried and tweaked: Activities to re-energize peer learning sessions>This is a collection of activities designed and conducted by UMN undergraduate students for their role as facilitators leading study sessions. The activities were developed and tested during their weekly sessions and focused on two particular guiding principles of the PAL program (there are eight): modeling productive learning behaviors, and engaging students with each other. Each activity offers suggestions for preparation, supplies needed, appropriate courses, and the type of student grouping used in the activity.
Walker, L. (Ed.). (2010). <Two (or more) heads are better than one: Adventures in leading group learning, a facilitator storybook> The PAL facilitators compiled a storybook in first-person narratives, told by them and edited by one of the PAL program’s undergraduates. The stories are a springboard for discussions of program policies, particulars of cooperative learning, and a clearer understanding of roles and boundaries. The format is engaging; grouped by topic, with stimulating, open-ended questions at the end of each chapter.
Arendale, D. R. <Peer Facilitator Professional Development Course syllabi> This document describes the required course for new facilitators of the PAL program at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities when I taught the course.
<CRLA Handbook for Training Peer Tutors and Mentors>. The Handbook for Training Peer Tutors and Mentors is a must-read resource for postsecondary faculty and learning center professionals who hire, train, and supervise tutors and mentors. This handbook prepares programs to apply for CRLA certification.
Email Listservs THAT CONTAIN PAL discussions
<Email Listserv for Supplemental Instruction-PASS Campus Directors> The Supplemental Instruction-PASS (SI-PASS) training office sponsors a free email listserv for professionals implementing SI to ask and answer questions. Even if you are not implementing SI, the conversations might still be useful due to the topics.
<Email Listserv for LRNASST> It is a broad-based email discussion group for learning assistance professionals including peer learning programs.
<Email Listserv for Academicpeerlerning>. Based in the United Kingdom, the discussions include peer learning and more.
pal guides, Standards, and certifications
These guides, standards, and certifications have been established by professional associations and organizations that represent the field of learning assistance.
Arendale, D. R. (Ed.). <Course-based Learning Assistance Standards> These are based on best practices for programs such as Supplemental Instruction, Structured Learning Assistance, Emerging Scholars Program, Peer-led Team Learning, and others <Link to video overview, 17:08> <Link to PP slides from video>
<Supplemental Instruction-PASS Certification Program> International SI-PASS Center offers a certification program to showcase outstanding SI-PASS programs.
<Association for the Coaching and Tutoring Profession> ACTP provides three levels of tutor certification, two levels of tutor trainer certification, and academic coach certification. They also offer a certification and training institute.
<Association of Colleges for Tutoring & Learning Association> ACTLA offers an online tutoring program certification.
<CRLA International Tutor Training Program Certification (ITTPC)> ITTPC certifies postsecondary tutor training programs. The tutor training program can recognize their tutors as having met ITTPC tutor training program requirements.
<CRLA International Mentor Training Program Certification (IMTPC)> IMTPC certifies postsecondary mentor training programs. The mentor program can certify their mentors who met approved IMTPC mentor training program requirements.
<National College Learning Center Association> NCLCA has several certification programs for learning centers and the leaders of the programs.
<Council for the Advancement of Standards (CAS)> CAS is the pre-eminent force for promoting standards in student affairs, student services, and student development programs such as Learning Assistance and 43 more.
Lessons Learned to TakE Peer Learning Online
<Lessons Learned from Taking Peer Learning Programs Online> This report took the survey responses and the publications about online study groups and arranged the data into topics and themes to make it easier to learn the lessons.
<Raw Survey Data from Administrators of Online Peer Learning Programs> Forty-five peer learning group program administrators responded to six questions concerning experiences of taking their programs online in response to Covid-19.
<Selected Annotated Bibliography of Publications of Taking Peer Learning Online> These 38 publications provided evaluation studies and information for offering peer-assisted groups online. Many of them can be downloaded.
PAL Overview video PresentationS by david
[Video, 52:35]. Strengthening relationships with students through study review groups. <https://youtu.be/Zwo6SCfpCgs>
[Video, 12:52]. Lessons learned from major peer learning programs. <https://youtu.be/MzTPRK1Kgx0>.
[Video, 13:12]. Peer group facilitator growth overview, part one of four. <https://youtu.be/8xpstTaIdyI>
[Video, 13:15]. Peer group facilitator vocational identity development, part two of four. <https://youtu.be/xIudkyIqizM>
[Video, 18:27]. Peer group facilitator leader identity development, part three of four. <https://youtu.be/tAKABcmoPbE>
[Video. 13:57]. Peer group facilitator professional identity development, part four of four. <https://youtu.be/lyRXq6hvGrQ>